![]() Grain-containing food intakes were reported on a baseline dietary questionnaire (1991) and every 4 years thereafter. We evaluated individual grain-containing foods and whole and refined grain intake during adolescence, early adulthood, and premenopausal years in relation to breast cancer risk in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Whole grains may protect against breast cancer, but findings require confirmation within a larger sample and in other ethnic groups. In conclusion, whole and refined grains were not associated with adiposity-related cancer risk. In exploratory analyses, higher intakes of whole grains (oz eq/day) and whole grain food sources (servings/day) were associated with 39% and 47% lower breast cancer risk (HR: 0.61 95% CI: 0.38–0.98 and HR: 0.53 95% CI: 0.33–0.86, respectively). Null associations between whole and refined grains and combined incidence of adiposity-related cancers were observed in multivariable-adjusted models (HR: 0.94 95% CI: 0.71–1.23 and HR: 0.98 95% CI: 0.70–1.38, respectively). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of whole and refined grains with risk of adiposity-related cancers combined and with risk of breast and prostate cancers in exploratory site-specific analyses. Between 19, 565 adiposity-related cancers were ascertained using pathology reports. Diet, measured using a food frequency questionnaire, medical and lifestyle data were collected at exam 5 (1991–95). Participants were adults from the Framingham Offspring cohort (N = 3,184 ≥18 yr). The objective of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate associations between whole and refined grains and their food sources in relation to adiposity-related cancer risk. ![]() ![]() Refined grain intake was not associated with breast cancer risk.Ĭonsistent with inverse but not statistically significant associations between whole grain intake and breast cancer in case-control studies, both whole and refined grain intakes are unrelated to risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in these Iowa women.Ĭase-control studies suggest that higher whole grain and lower refined grain intakes are associated with reduced cancer risk, but longitudinal evidence is limited. No increase in breast cancer risk was found in women who had not undergone screening mammography before 1989 the apparent increase in risk was therefore likely due to increased use of screening mammography. The multivariate-adjusted risk of incident breast cancer was 20% higher in women in the highest quintile of whole grain intake, compared to women in the lowest quintile of whole grain intake (95% confidence interval 0.95-1.5 p-value for trend = 0.03). After exclusions a total of 29,119 menopausal women who answered a 1986 baseline and a 1989 follow-up questionnaire were followed for 9 years for incident breast cancer.Ĭompared to women who at baseline rarely ate whole grain foods, women who habitually ate whole grain had a healthier lifestyle, including a higher likelihood of prior screening mammography. The Iowa Women's Health Study is a prospective cohort study of women initially 55-69 years old that relates diet and other lifestyle factors to cancer risk. Findings from case-control studies of whole and refined grain intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer have been inconclusive. To assess the relation between whole and refined grain intake and risk of incident postmenopausal breast cancer.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |